Mechanical properties refer to the behavior of materials under applied forces or loads. These properties include characteristics such as strength, stiffness, toughness, ductility, and hardness. Understanding a material's mechanical properties is crucial for designing and analyzing structures and machines to ensure they can withstand various types of loads and stresses. Research in this area focuses on studying and predicting how materials will perform under different conditions, as well as developing new materials with improved mechanical properties for specific applications. This research helps engineers and scientists design more reliable and efficient products and structures.